Bible Version: New International Version (NIV)
Application Notes: Life Application Study Bible (NIV)
JOHN 3
Jesus Teaches Nicodemus
1 Now there was a Pharisee, a man named Nicodemus who was a member of the Jewish ruling council. 2 He came to Jesus at night and said, “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs you are doing if God were not with him.”
3 Jesus replied, “Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again.”
4 “How can someone be born when they are old?” Nicodemus asked. “Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother’s womb to be born!”
5 Jesus answered, “Very truly I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit. 6 Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit gives birth to spirit. 7 You should not be surprised at my saying, ‘You must be born again.’ 8 The wind blows wherever it pleases. You hear its sound, but you cannot tell where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone born of the Spirit.”
9 “How can this be?” Nicodemus asked.
10 “You are Israel’s teacher,” said Jesus, “and do you not understand these things? 11 Very truly I tell you, we speak of what we know, and we testify to what we have seen, but still you people do not accept our testimony. 12 I have spoken to you of earthly things and you do not believe; how then will you believe if I speak of heavenly things? 13 No one has ever gone into heaven except the one who came from heaven—the Son of Man. 14 Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the wilderness, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, 15 that everyone who believes may have eternal life in him.”
16 For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. 17 For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him. 18 Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because they have not believed in the name of God’s one and only Son. 19 This is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but people loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil. 20 Everyone who does evil hates the light, and will not come into the light for fear that their deeds will be exposed. 21 But whoever lives by the truth comes into the light, so that it may be seen plainly that what they have done has been done in the sight of God.
John Testifies Again About Jesus
22 After this, Jesus and his disciples went out into the Judean countryside, where he spent some time with them, and baptized. 23 Now John also was baptizing at Aenon near Salim, because there was plenty of water, and people were coming and being baptized. 24 (This was before John was put in prison.) 25 An argument developed between some of John’s disciples and a certain Jew over the matter of ceremonial washing. 26 They came to John and said to him, “Rabbi, that man who was with you on the other side of the Jordan—the one you testified about—look, he is baptizing, and everyone is going to him.”
27 To this John replied, “A person can receive only what is given them from heaven. 28 You yourselves can testify that I said, ‘I am not the Messiah but am sent ahead of him.’ 29 The bride belongs to the bridegroom. The friend who attends the bridegroom waits and listens for him, and is full of joy when he hears the bridegroom’s voice. That joy is mine, and it is now complete. 30 He must become greater; I must become less.”
31 The one who comes from above is above all; the one who is from the earth belongs to the earth, and speaks as one from the earth. The one who comes from heaven is above all. 32 He testifies to what he has seen and heard, but no one accepts his testimony. 33 Whoever has accepted it has certified that God is truthful. 34 For the one whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for God gives the Spirit without limit. 35 The Father loves the Son and has placed everything in his hands. 36 Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life, but whoever rejects the Son will not see life, for God’s wrath remains on them.
Application Notes
3:1-21 Nicodemus came to Jesus personally, although he could have sent one of his assistants. He wanted to examine Jesus for himself to separate fact from rumor. Perhaps Nicodemus was afraid of what his peers, the Pharisees, would say about his visit, so he came after dark. Later, when he understood that Jesus was truly the Messiah, he spoke up boldly in his defense (7:50-51). Like Nicodemus, we must examine Jesus' life and teachings for ourselves—others cannot do it for us. No one has improved upon his teachings in 2,000 years. No one has lived out his teachings better than he did. No one has predicted his or her death and resurrection as he did. If we believe he is who he says, we will want to follow him and speak up for him.
3:1 Nicodemus was a Pharisee and a member of the ruling council (called the high council, or the Sanhedrin). The Pharisees were a group of religious leaders whom Jesus and John the Baptist often criticized for being hypocrites {see the note on Matthew 3:7 for more on the Pharisees). Most Pharisees were intensely jealous of Jesus because he undermined their authority and challenged their views. But Nicodemus was searching, and he believed that Jesus had some answers. A learned teacher himself, he came to Jesus to be taught. No matter how intelligent and well educated you are, you must come to Jesus with an open mind and heart so he can teach you the truth about God.
3:3 What did Nicodemus know about the kingdom? From the Bible, he knew it would be ruled by God, it would be restored on earth, and it would incorporate God's people. Jesus revealed to this devout Pharisee that the kingdom would come to the whole world (3:16), not just the Jews, and that Nicodemus wouldn't be a part of it unless he was personally born again (3:5). This was a revolutionary concept: Jesus' kingdom is personal. not national or ethnic, and his entrance requirements are repentance and spiritual rebirth. Jesus later taught that God's kingdom has already begun in the hearts of believers (Luke 17:21). It will be fully realized when Jesus returns again to judge the world and abolish evil forever (Revelation 21-22).
3:5-6 “Born of water and the Spirit could refer to (1) the contrast between physical birth (water) and spiritual birth (Spirit) or (2) being regenerated by the Spirit, a rebirth signified through Christian baptism. The water may also represent the cleansing action of God's Holy Spirit (Titus 3:5). Nicodemus undoubtedly would have been familiar with God's promise to give a new heart and a new spirit to the faithful (Ezekiel 36:25-26). Jesus was explaining the importance of a spiritual rebirth, saying that people enter the kingdom not by living a better life but by receiving a new life from God.
3:6 Who is the Holy Spirit? God is three persons in one—the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. God became a human in Jesus so that Jesus could die for our sins. Jesus rose from the dead to offer salvation to all people through spiritual renewal and rebirth. When Jesus ascended into heaven, his physical presence left the earth, but he promised to send the Holy Spirit so that his spiritual presence would still be among humankind (see Luke 24:49). The Holy Spirit first became available to all believers at Pentecost (Acts 2). Whereas in Old Testament days the Holy Spirit empowered specific individuals for specific purposes at specific times, now all believers have the power of the Holy Spirit available to them all the time. (For more on the Holy Spirit, see John 14:16-28; Romans 8:9; 1 Corinthians 12:13; and 2 Corinthians 1:22.)
3:8 Jesus explained that we cannot control the work of the Holy Spirit. He works in ways we cannot predict or understand. Just as you did not control your physical birth, you cannot control your spiritual birth. It is a gift from God through the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:16; 1 Corinthians 2:10- 12; 1 Thessalonians 1:5-6).
3:9 No one is beyond the touch of God's Spirit. Are there people you disregard, thinking they could never be brought to God—a world leader you have never prayed for or a difficult person you have never shared the Good News with? Don't ever assume that a certain person will never respond to the gospel. God, through his Holy Spirit. can reach anyone, and you should pray diligently for whomever he brings to your mind. Be a witness and an example to everyone you are in contact with. God may touch those you consider most unreachable—and he may use you to do it.
3:10-11 This Jewish teacher of the Bible knew the Old Testament thoroughly, but he didn't understand what it said about the Messiah. Intellectual knowledge does not guarantee true understanding or salvation. You should know the Bible, but even more important, you need a relationship with the God whom the Bible reveals so you can receive the salvation that he offers.
3:14-15 When the Israelites were wandering in the wilderness, God sent a plague of snakes to punish them for their rebellious attitudes. Those doomed to die from snake bites could be healed by obeying God's command to look up at the elevated bronze snake and believing that God would heal them if they did (see Numbers 21:8-9). Similarly, our salvation happens when we look up to Jesus, believing he will save us. God has provided this way for us to be healed of sin's deadly bite.
3:16 The entire gospel comes to a focus in this verse. God's love is not static or self-centered; it reaches out and draws others in. Here God sets the pattern of true love, the basis for all love relationships—when you love someone dearly, you are willing to give to them freely, to the point of self-sacrifice. God paid dearly with the life of his Son, the highest price he could pay. Jesus accepted our punishment, paid the price for our sins, and then offered us the new life that he had bought for us. When we share the gospel with others, our love must be like Jesus’—willing to give up our own comfort and security so that others might join us in receiving God's love.
3:16 Some people are not interested in the idea of eternal life because their lives are miserable. They wouldn't want them to go on forever. But eternal life is not an extension of a person's mortal life. In eternal life, there is no death, sickness, enemy, evil, or sin. When we don't know Jesus. we make choices as though this life is all there is and we can't imagine the bad being eliminated or redeemed into something good and wonderful. In reality, eternal life can be entirely different from the life you are living now. But you will need to ask Jesus for the new life he offers and follow him in order to receive it. Then you will begin to evaluate all that happens to you from an eternal perspective, and you will begin to truly look forward to eternity.
3:16 To believe is more than to give intellectual agreement that Jesus is God. It means to put our trust and confidence in him that he alone can save us. It is to put Jesus in charge of our present plans and eternal destiny. Believing is both trusting his words as reliable and relying on him for the power to change. If you have never trusted Jesus with your whole life, let this promise of everlasting life be yours—believe.
3:18 People often try to protect themselves from their fears by putting their faith in something they do or have: good deeds, skill or intelligence, money or possessions. But only God can save us from the one danger we really need to fear—eternal condemnation. We believe in God by recognizing the insufficiency of our own efforts to merit salvation and by asking him to do his work in us. When Jesus talks about unbelievers, he means those who reject or ignore him completely, not those who have momentary doubts.
3:19-21 Many people don't want their lives exposed to God's light because they are afraid of what will be revealed. They don't want to change their ways. Don't be surprised when these same people are threatened by your desire to obey God and do what is right, because they are afraid that the light in you may expose some of the darkness in their lives. Rather than giving in to discouragement, keep praying that they will come to see how much better it is to live in light than in darkness.
3:25-30 Some people look for points of disagreement so they can sow seeds of discord, discontent, and doubt in order to make themselves feel better. John the Baptist ended this theological argument by focusing on his devotion to Jesus. To try to force others to believe our way is divisive. Instead, let's witness about what Jesus has done for us. How can anyone argue with us about that?
3:26 John the Baptist's disciples were disturbed because people were following Jesus instead of John. It is easy to grow jealous of the popularity of another person's ministry. But we must remember that our true mission is to influence people to follow Jesus, not us.
3:27 Why did John the Baptist continue to baptize after Jesus came onto the scene? Why didn't he become a disciple too? John explained that because God had given him his work, he had to continue it until God called him to do something else. John's main purpose was to point people to Jesus. Even with Jesus beginning his own ministry, John could still point people to him.
3:30 John's willingness to decrease in importance shows unusual humility. Pastors and other Christian leaders can be tempted to focus more on the success of their ministries than on Jesus. Beware of those who put more emphasis on their own achievements than on God's kingdom.
3:31-35 Your whole spiritual life depends on your answer to one question: Who is Jesus Christ? If you accept Jesus as only a prophet or teacher, you have to reject his teaching, for he claimed to be God's Son—to be God himself. The heartbeat of John's Gospel is the dynamic truth that Jesus Christ is God's Son, the Messiah and the Savior, who existed from the beginning and will continue to live forever. Jesus' testimony was trustworthy because he had come from heaven and was speaking of what he had seen there. His words were the very words of God. This same Jesus has invited us to accept him and live with him eternally. When we understand who Jesus is, we are compelled to believe what he said.
3:34 God gives the Spirit without measure or limit. Jesus was always filled, empowered, and totally connected to the heart and mind of God. Thus, Jesus was the highest revelation of God to humanity (Hebrews 1:2). He always spoke the words of God.
3:36 Jesus says that those who believe in him have (not will have) eternal life. To receive eternal life is to join in God's life, which by nature is eternal. Thus, eternal life begins at the moment of spiritual rebirth.
3:36 John, the author of this Gospel, wrote to demonstrate that Jesus is the true Son of God. Jesus sets before us the greatest choice in life. We are responsible for deciding today whom we will obey (Joshua 24:15), and God wants us to choose him and life (Deuteronomy 30:15-20). “God's wrath” refers to his final rejection of those who reject him. To put off the choice means choosing not to follow Jesus. Indecision is a fatal decision.
Taken from Life Application Study Bible - Third Edition - (NIV)